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Kozhikode was earlier known as Calicut which was an angilised form of Kalikut. According to some scholars, prominently K V Krishnan Iyer, the name implies koyil (palace) Kodu (fortified). Also, the quality cotton, calico (origin of the name Calicut) is believed to have originated here.

As for the history of Kozikode is concerned, not much is known about its earlier part. During the Sangam age, the district of Kozhikode formed a part of the mighty Chera Empire and was significant in building up Kerala's relation with outside world. Post Sangam age was the Dark Age of South India. Very little is known about Calicut during this period. In the 9th century, Kozhikode formed a part of the second Chera Empire and continued so till 1122 AD. This was the time when the Chera Empire lost its power and the kingdom split up into independent districts called 'nadus'. Important among them were districts like Ernad and Polanad. Calicut was, at this time, a part of the Polanad district ruled by the Porlarthris. The Ernad district was under the Udaiyavar who had their headquarters at Nediyiruppu. The Udaiyavar were keen to have an access to sea and for this reason they waged a war against the Porlarthris for 48 long years. Finally, they succeeded in their attempt and managed to capture the area around Ponniankara. A fort was constructed at place called Velapuram giving birth to the city of Kozhikode. Subsequently, the Udaiyavar were renamed Swami Nambiyathiri Thirumulpad and then, with the passage of time became Samuri or Samuthiri. For the Europeans, they were the Zamorin. The place around the fort was called Koyil (palace) Kotta (fort) and hence the name of the place became Kozhikode.

By this time, Calicut was established as a leading spice trading centre on the western coast. It was the Zamorin ruler himself who received the famous Portugese sailor, Vasco da gama as he set his feet in Kozhikode in May 1498. With his arrival, Calicut was thrown open to the world as an important spice trading centre. There were traders - Russian, Chinese, Dutch and finally the British from all over the world coming to Calicut for a profitable deal.

In 1766, Hyder Ali of Mysore captured Kozhikode and came into conflict with the Britishers. Disputes continued till 1792 when after the Third Anglo Mysore War, the territory of Kozhikode along with its surrounding area was given away to the British by Tipu Sultan. The newly acquired territories of Malabar Coast became the Malabar district of the Madras Presidency. Calicut was designated its capital. Post independence, the Madras Presidency was turned into Madras state. It was only in 1956, when the Indian states were being reorganized on the basis of language ,that Kerala (consisting of Malabar district and Travancore-Cochin) came into existence. The Malabar district was segregated into separate district of Kannur, Kozhikode and Palakkad a year later.

Today, Kozhikode is a progressive trade centre of India and a tourists destination as well.

Bekal was under the sovereignty of Kolathunadu when it became an important maritime centre and an important port town of Thulunadu (old Kasaragod district). Later, realising the political and economic importance of Thulunadu, many laudatory chieftains successively attacked and annexed this part of the country. The economic importance of the port town prompted the Jeheri Nayak dynasty to fortify Bekal.

The Bekal Fort was completed speedily during the period of Sivappa Nayak to defend the port from overseas attack. The Chandragiri Fort near Kasaragod was also constructed during this period.

It is believed that the “Kotteyar” community found in Bekal, Panayal and other places in Kasaragod were brought here by the Nayaks to build and defend the forts. Bekal subsequently fell into the hands of the Mysore Sultans.

It then served as an important military station of Tipu Sultan when he led the great military expedition to Malabar. Coins and other artifacts unearthed by archeologist’s excavation at the Bekal Fort are an indication of the occupancy of the Mysore Sultans.

Years later, the East India Company made Bekal the headquarters of the newly organised Bekal Taluk of the South Canara District of Bombay Presidency. South Canara then became a part of the Madras Presidency in 1862 and Kasaragod Taluk was set up in place of Bekal Taluk. Gradually the political and economic importance of Bekal and its port declined considerably.

Kasaragod became part of Kerala with the State reorganisation in 1956.

The geographical area currently comprising the district of Ranchi was ruled by the Kshatriya rulers named hanimukut and was in the direct control of the kings of the epic period of the Mahabharata such as Jarasandh, the king of Rajgir. However Lord Krishna was believed to have a loose control over the territory.
Magadha Empire exercised indirect control over the territory, which lasted until the reign of the Ashoka. Kalinga rulers are believed to have ravaged the region during their expeditions to Rajgir and Pataliputra. Armies of Samudra Gupta passed through the region on their expedition to Deccan. After the decline of the Guptas, Phanimukut established the Kingdom of Chhotanagpur. The legendary Phanimukut, which literally means the crown of the cobra, was found by the side of a cobra (Nag in Hindi), and grew to be an industrious king, and founded the Nag Dynasty, which ruled Ranchi district and a larger part of Chota Nagpur Plateau as a sovereign king for almost next 1000 years.
With the expansion of the Mughal Empire, the sovereign status of the Nag Dynasty was technically affected, but they continued to rule and administer independently until the advent of the East India Company. During the period of the British Raj, adivasis and the local population of other ethnic backgrounds of Ranchi and other regions currently comprising the State of Jharkhand continued to oppose the subjugation by the British, and the region witnessed a number of uprisings and revolts.

Jamshedpur history provides detailed information on the establishment of the first industrial unit of Iron and Steel Plant in India and the industrial progress of the country. The modern city of Jamshedpur is the brain child of Sri Jamshetji Nusserwanji Tata who was the main force behind the industrial revolution of India.

Jamshetji Tata had set up the industrial unit of Tata Iron and Steel Plant in Jamshedpur. However, after the demise of the founder leader of Tata Iron and Steel Plant, Sri Jamshetji Nusserwanji Tata, his unfulfilled dream was finally realized by his eldest son, Sri Dorabji Tata who led to the further expansion of the business establishment. Sri Dorabji Tata had built the modern city of Sakchi that was later renamed as Jamshedpur.

Sri Dorabji’s brother, Sri Ratan Tata took part in the Indian freedom Struggle. He believed that India can attain her cherished dream of becoming an industrially progressive country, only when the country is freed of foreign rule and oppression. After independence, Sri Ratan Tata diverted his attention to the well being of the company and Tata Iron and Steel Plant became one of the pioneering companies of the world under his guidance. The industrial city of Jamshedpur became one of the developed cities of India.

The reins of the company went to Sri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata after the death of Sri Ratan Tata. Sri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata had further led to the modernization and beautification of Jamshedpur. He had constructed new roads for improving the transportation system of the industrial city. Sri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata also constructed several gardens and recreational parks for entertainment of the citizens of Jamshedpur.

The modern city of Jamshedpur bears relics to the rich industrial history of our country.

Hazaribagh town and its panoramic view mesmerize all its visitors and tourists. Historians claim that there is an interesting history of Hazaribagh. Thus the history of this town dates back to as early as the eighteenth century. It was formed in the year 1790 as a cantonment town. At that time it was a part of Ramgarh district. Then in the year 1834 it has gained the status of being a district headquarter. However it retained its status of cantonment till the year 1884. One advantage of being a cantonment town is that large portion of the town was formed following a plan.

Boddam Bazar is the name of this portion of the town, which has been christened after the officer who established its foundation. Quite a number of English men have built their settlements in Hazaribagh at the time of British era. They constructed huge “bungalow type houses”, most of which have got slanting roofs. They were renowned for their hunting skills.

The Hazaribagh Central Jail, a landmark, also has got its place in the rich history of Hazaribagh. During the Indian Freedom struggle, eminent personalities were imprisoned and were taken into this jail. Dr rajendra Prasad, who became the first president of India, was also prisoner of this jail. Another prisoner is Jayaprakash Narayan. He was a distinguished leader and was arrested and then took into this jail. It was during Quit India Movement that was held in the year 1942. Legend says that he had a blood escape from the prison fooling the security. The localities also helped heim to escape.

The earlier history found that Deoghar was ruled by the last Gupta Emperor Adityasena Gupta, in the 8th century A.D. The Baidyanath dham temple has been famous since then. Later Deoghar region was ruled by Mughal. In early 18th century Maharaja of Gidhaur lost the region from Nawab of Birbhum, which was later recaptured by Maharaja of Gidhaur. In 1857, British became the ruler of the region after defeating Nawab of Sirajudaula. After independence of India it became a part of free country.

Formerly there was a village named Maraphari(it is also pronounced as Marafari) deep in the jungles of Chota Nagpur. The closest village cluster was Chas. Purulia was the closest town and the area was ruled by the Maharaja of Kashipur. Folk lores have it that this area came under Mughal rule by the conquests of Man Singh. The region was named ManBhoom after him (VeerBhoom and SinghBhoom are the neighbouring regions also named after him, Veer Man Singh).
This remote place came into prominence when Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru planned to build the first swadeshi steel plant with the help of the Soviets. The proximity to coal, iron ore, manganese, and other raw materials had helped in the selection of this place. The steel plant was originally incorporated as a limited company on 29 January 1964, and was later merged with SAIL and came to be known as Bokaro Steel Limited(BSL). The late 1960s and early 1970s saw heavy construction of the steel plant as well as the township. The first blast furnace started on 2 October 1972.
The Sector III and Camp I and II were the first to come in the township followed by Sectors II, IX, IV and so on. The first private school came in the form of St. Xavier's School which the Jesuits from Hazaribagh built on invitation from the BSL management. The 1980s saw rapid development of the township with new sectors coming up, new schools, parks, zoos and other public amenities coming up. Township development ceased with the completion of IV/F and IV/G. In all Bokaro Steel City consists of 12 sectors out of which sectors VII & X do not exist.
The late 1990s saw sprucing up of the City Park and creation of islands, new schools and the success of Bokaro's students in all India level competition exams, specially IIT's. During this period Bokaro also emerged as the eastern hub for academics. Bokaro also boasts of having a unique cosmopolitan culture as the population consists of people belonging to all parts of India.

This is an ancient town whose history dating back to 200 years old tells us glorious tales of the Martha warriors in their fight to maintain the Hindari Swaraj.

The Bhats of Shrivardhan later became popular as the Peshwas and therefore Shrivardhan is considered the hometown of the Peshwas. The famous Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath was born here and chosen as the 1st Peshwa by Maratha ruler Chatrapati Shahu Maharaj.

The Peshwas ruled the Maratha kingdom on behalf of the Maratha Kings for over a century till the British came and took over.